Year 11 Physics the World Communicates Dot Points Free Essays

string(167) a vehicle for proliferation while electromagnetic waves don't Mechanical waves require a medium (particles so as to propagate) while electromagnetic waves do not. The World Communicates 1. The wave model can be utilized to clarify how flow advances move data * depict the vitality changes required in one of the accompanying: cell phone, fax/modem, radio and TV Energy transmission in cell phone: ound wave vitality (input sound) - gt; electrical (in transmitting telephone) †gt; radio wave (transmit signal) - gt; electrical (in getting telephone) - gt; sound (yield sound) * portray waves as an exchange of vitality unsettling influence that may happen in one, a few measurements, contingent upon the idea of the wave and the medium A wave is a voyaging aggravation which moves vitality without shipping matter. They may happen in 1D, 2D or 3D, contingent upon the idea of the wave and the medium. We will compose a custom exposition test on Year 11 Physics: the World Communicates Dot Points or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now D-smooth, laser light gt;gt;gt; just moves a single way 2D-water wave gt;gt;gt; proliferates every which way on a solitary plane 3D-light, solid, all EM waves gt;gt;gt; spreads/emanates every which way from a solitary point * distinguish that mechanical waves require a mode for proliferation while electromagnetic waves don't Mechanical waves require a medium (particles so as to spread) while electromagnetic waves don't. You read Year 11 Physics: the World Communicates Dot Points in class Papers Classification of Waves: as far as medium gt; mechanical (requires), electromagnetic (doesn’t require) - regarding molecule wavering gt; mechanical gt;gt;gt; transverse (opposite), longitudinal (equal) * characterize and apply the accompanying terms to the wave model: medium, relocation, sufficiency, period, pressure, rarefaction, peak, trough, transverse waves, longitudinal waves, recurrence, frequency, speed Mechanical Waves - require a medium to engender - includes the exchange of vitality through a medium by the movement of particles of the medium itself - particles moves as motions or vibrations around a fixed point Transverse waves (e. g. light) †mechanical waves †particles of the medium waver to and fro toward a path opposite to the course of wave proliferation - doesn't require a medium Longitudinal/compressional waves (e. g. sound) - mechanical waves - particles of the medium waver to and fro toward a path corresponding to the bearing of spread - requires a medium Period (T) †time taken for a solitary wave to go through a fixed point OR the time taken for a molecule of a medium to make one complete swaying (estimated in a flash) - T = 1f Recurrence (f) †number of waves that go through a fixed point for every second OR number of complete motions of a medium molecule in one second (estimated in hertz gt; Hz) Medium †material through which a wave can spread Displacement-most limited good ways from introductory situation to definite situation of a molecule Amplitude (A) †greatest relocation of particles from the undisturbed state (harmony position) Compression †zones where particles are nearer together than in their undisturbed state Rarefaction †zones where the particles are further separated than in their undisturbed state Crest-most elevated piece of the waves Trough-most reduced piece of the wave Wavelength (? ) †separation between 2 progressive indistinguishable focuses on a wave (e. g. separation estimated in meters, between nearby peaks or troughs) Velocity (v) †speed at which the wave moves vitality away from the source * portray the connection between molecule movement and the heading of vitality engendering in transverse and longitudinal waves Particles in a transverse wave waver to and fro in bearing opposite to course of spread. Particles in a longitudinal wave sway to and fro in course corresponding to heading of proliferation. * evaluate the connection between speed, recurrence and frequency for a wave: Velocity is legitimately corresponding to the result of the recurrence and frequency of the wave. 2. Highlights of a wave model can be utilized to represent the properties of sound * recognize that sound waves are vibrations or motions of particles in a medium Sound Waves - are vibrations or motions of particles in a medium classed as a mechanical longitudinal wave - when sound wave engenders, vibrations of the particles make pressure varieties inside that medium - recurrence of a sound is controlled by the recurrence of the first vibration, NOT by the medium it goes through (I. e. recurrence of a sound doesn’t change through any medium) - speed of sound is diverse in various media - sound voyages quickest in solids, trailed by fluids at that point gases (I. e. higher thickness particles stuffed all the more intently together-vibrations travel quicker) - speed of sound in air = 343 m/s relate compressions and rarefactions of sound waves to the peaks and troughs of transverse waves used to speak to them Compressions gt; peaks Rarefactions gt; troughs * clarify subjectively that pitch is identified with recurrence and volume to adequacy of sound waves The abundancy of a sound wave decides the volume of the sound. high plentifulness = high volumelow amplitude=low volume Likewise, the recurrence of a sound wave is legitimately identified with the pitch of a sound. The higher the recurrence, the more vibrations every second, and along these lines, the higher the pitch. High frequency= high pitchlow frequency=low pitch * clarify a reverberation as an impression of a sound wave Echo †structures when a sound wave reflects off a hard surface and bounce back to its unique source, basically turning into the impression of a sound wave. †wide assortment of utilizations including SONAR (Sound Navigation And Ranging) gt; strategy for finding the profundity of water and identification of creatures and different articles in water * portray the guideline of superposition and contrast the subsequent waves with the first waves in sound Superposition-otherwise called wave obstruction when at least two influxes of a similar kind go through a similar medium simultaneously, they will meddle with one another - singular part waves will meddle to give the resultant wave - position of any point on the resultant wave is the aggregate of the amplitudes of the segment waves - rules to superimpose segment waves: 1. End focuses 2. Converging focuses 3. Peaks/Troughs - note: gt; bend + bend = bend gt; bend + line = bend gt; line + line = line gt; when part waves no longer meddle with one another, they will come back to their underlying state - productive obstruction gt; segment waves are in stage (peaks and troughs adjusted) - damaging impedance gt; segment waves 180? out of stage (peaks of one wave adjusted to troughs of the other and the other way around) gt; resultant wave is a straight line 3. Late innovative improvements have permitted more noteworthy utilization of the electromagnetic range * depict electromagnetic waves as far as their speed in space and their absence of necessity of a mechanism for engendering Electromagnetic Waves †travel through space at the speed of light, 3ãâ€"10? m/s. †don't require a medium to spread (I. e. can go through a vacuum, are for the most part transverse waves) †e. g. gamma beams, X-beams, bright, obvious (VIBGYOR), infrared, microwaves, radio waves * distinguish the lectromagnetic wavebands sifted through by the environment, particularly UV, X-beams and gamma beams Waves ready to enter climate and arrive at surface of the Earthgt; noticeable light, radio waves, microwaves - an excessive amount of introduction to UV radiation can bring about tumors and perilous transformations - an excessive amount of presentation to X-beams and Gamma radiation would rapidly slaughter us - Earth’s air can ingest ay approaching hig h vitality radiation * recognize strategies for the location of different wavebands in the electromagnetic range EM Wave| Detectors| Source| Gamma| Geiger Muller tube| Nuclei of radioactive iotas and infinite rays| X-ray| Fluorescent screen| X-beam tubes| Ultraviolet (UV)| Photo/sun oriented cellsFluorescent chemicals| Very sweltering objectsArcs and sparksMercury capour lamps| Visible| Photo/sun based cellsEye| Hot objectsLampsLasers| Infrared| Special photographic filmSkinSemiconductor gadgets, for example, LDR and photodiode| Warm and blistering articles (e. g. anger, people)| Radio/Microwaves| Aerials associated with tuned electric circuits in radio and TV sets| Microwaves and ovensTV and radio transmitters utilizing electric circuits and aerialsOscillating electrons| Note: the sun is a maker of all EM waves sending all transmission capacities to Earth Photographic film distinguishes all EM waves aside from radio/microwaves * where k = measure of vitality of source, d = good ways from source, I= power clarify that the connection between the force of electromagnetic radiation and good ways from a source is a case of th e reverse square law: Power †the vitality got per square meter every second a good ways off away from the source Attenuation †decline in the quality of the sign or light - EM waves decline in force the further they are away from the source †to decrease weakening in significant distance correspondence, signal should be either: gt; conveyed as an extremely enormous solid sign gt; signals heading out significant distances should be enhanced at repeater or supporter stations along their way * layout how the regulation of mplitude or recurrence of obvious light, microwaves and additionally radio waves can be utilized to transmit data Bandwidth †space taken up as far as recurrence Modulation †procedure of including (encoding) signal data to an EM wave Amplitude Modulation - signal wave encoded onto transporter wave by including amplit

Perfume Essay Example for Free

Scent Essay Recognize all the things that happen to Grenouille in these sections that you feel either shouldn’t happen to a youngster or are coldhearted. Disclose or endeavor to legitimize these occasions. Inside the pages of the initial hardly any sections, Grenouille’s birth and youth is described. Grenouille is icily excused during childbirth. He was brought to the world, by his mom on pile of fish guts, just for her to relinquish him. No kid ought to ever need to persevere through such unfeeling dismissal, no human ought to ever be left beyond words such an abnormal way. Grenouille anyway endures and is put under the consideration of a wet medical caretaker, who put him into anothers arms in gripe of him drinking an excessive amount of milk and being an over the top risk. Grenouille was given starting with one wet medical caretaker then onto the next, never being demonstrated any friendship. He was not rewarded as a youngster ought to be, never permitted to got a mother’s love. The last wet medical attendant that was given the obligation of thinking about Grenouille, gave him over to Father Terrier, in allegation of the newborn child being a villain because of his need aroma. She guaranteed he didn't smell of a typical youngster, that he emitted no smell at all. At the innocuous age of a month, Grenouille was blamed for being a beast. Father terrier anyway ignores the wet nurse’s preposterous claims. The epic advances in any case, with Father Terrier needing to free the child, as he felt Grenouille had damaged him, as though he had the capacity to infiltrate his deepest considerations, as though he could perceive what was inside Father Terrier with his nose. Grenouille was tossed around for the manner in which he caused individuals to feel, anyway he never brought no damage upon individuals this from the get-go in the book. Father Terrier at that point places him in Madame Gaillard’s shelter. Here he was given a rooftop for quite a while, anyway he was not welcome by different youngsters. Numerous endeavors were made at his life, blocks were heaped on him, in endeavor to choke out him, anyway Grenouille figured out how to endure all of these endeavors. Grenouille’s nearness caused the youngsters to feel awkward, similarly as Father Terrier had felt. There was a briskness, a haziness about Grenouille. Anyway the endeavors at killing him, were made distinctly based on how Grenouille’s nearness caused different kids to feel. Grenouille up till this point had not done anything incorrectly; he had made no mischief any of people around him. A couple of years after the fact in any case, Madame Gaillard not any more gotten cash for Grenouille’s sake, thus sent him off to work for a man under unforgiving conditions. Here he gotten an illness leaving him a disabled person, bearing perpetual scars. Grenouille withstood every one of these things, a kid ought to never merit. What is the hugeness about the setting where Grenouille is presented in Part One Pg 16. For what reason does Father Terrier reject the wet medical caretakers allegations of Grenouille being a fallen angel? â€Å"He’s controlled by the Devil† â€Å"Impossible! It is totally incomprehensible for a baby to be controlled by the fallen angel. A newborn child is certifiably not an individual, it is a pre-person and doesn't yet have a completely evolved soul. Which is the reason it is unimportant to the fiend. Does some detestable smell come out from him? † These are the words Father Terrier expresses in counter of Jeane Beusse, the wet nurse’s allegations. As indicated by Father Terrier, a villain would just have one with a completely evolved soul and has no enthusiasm for having a newborn child because of its absence of one. Father Terrier additionally has faith in the villain conveying a foul smell, and subsequently the nurse’s cases of the child being odd in that, his substance conveys no aroma, just re-attests his remain on the infant being normal, and unaffected at all by the demon. Terrier accepts, that the infant not smelling by any means, an indication of good wellbeing. Father Terrier is likewise a solid adherent of youngsters being God sent, and thus them being had is totally not feasible. Terrier likewise asserts the olfactory sense a crude one, a feeling that can't be trusted. â€Å"The fool sees with his eyes instead of his nose†. Pg 18. Is Father Terrier liable for Grenouille? Father Terrier isn't formally given the duty of dealing with little Grenouille, anyway willingly volunteers to think about him. Here and there he is answerable for Grenouille, as he took him in from the wet medical attendant, thus in a way is making a responsibility towards thinking about him. Along these lines it is his obligation to deal with him as well as could be expected. Father Terrier additionally identifies with Grenouille as he accepts a youngster ought not be dealt with the way Grenouille was. Father Terrier likewise envisions himself being the child’s father, he feels wistfully associated with the infant, adding to the duty he has over him. Pg 18. What do you think about the activities of the child and Terriersâ reaction to it? The youngster got up, his nose first. Little Grenouille saw Terrier through his nose. It appeared to be as though the little newborn child was examining Father Terrier. The baby’s activities appear as if he can infiltrate Father Terrier’s deepest considerations, as though he can see through Father Terrier’s outside, see what he truly is. Father Terrier feels damaged, and feels embarrassed, as this child with no aroma, who is guiltless, sees through Father Terrier, a man with smell, as everybody at that point. The scent is utilized as an allegory for what Father Terrier needs to stow away. The infant in his arms has no scent, thus has nothing to stow away, anyway Father Terrier is putrid, consequently clarifying his feeling of being disregarded. Everlastingly crinkling, and puffing and quivering†. These are the words used to depict the baby’s nose in the wake of smelling Father Terrier. One creases their nose, and puffs air outwards, after smelling something foul. As smell is utilized here as an allegory of who Father Terrier truly is, as the infant sees him through his nose, the infant sees him as somebody who is fo ul and horrendous. Father Terrier is undermined by the infant, and feels awkward in its essence prompting his rushed idea to discover another to deal with the youngster. Pg 20. ‘Gone was the plain idea this may be . Clarify what occurs. 1. Pg 24. This is a difficult page. What does it derive about the teller of Grenouilles story and his demeanor towards him? What is your opinion about Grenouille after this? 2. Pg 28-29. These pages identify with Grenouilles language acquisiton. What is especially perceptible about his jargon development? 3. Pg 35. What befalls Madame Gaillard? What is unexpected about this? Take a gander at the last sentence of Chapter 5.

Speed Limits on the Highways Essay Example

Speed Limits on the Highways Essay These days out roads and roadways are loaded up with cars, engines, transports and diverse different vehicles, which make issues of traffic security topical for our general public. A huge number of mishaps happen each day in our nation, and the measurement of deadly results is extremely frightening. Most of reasons, which generally bring to mishaps and passings on the streets, are associated with speeding and liquor usage.That is the reason it is important to consider accepting some intense measures, coordinated on assurance of our residents out and about and close to it. This issue needs to get changeless open concern and consideration. To my psyche, setting up of speed limits is one of such measures, which can function admirably and be extremely viable. Speed constraints can be particularly proficient for very bustling streets, similar to motorways, roadways or freeways.Currently, every one of the 50 conditions of our nation received the laws, which set up speed impediments on the streets and parkways. Speed limit is greatest (or least) speed built up by enactment for one of another kind of street. For the most part, the drivers can be educated about speed restrains on the streets with the assistance of traffic signs, which show up close to the roads.Of course, speed limits differ as per the kind of the streets and sort of the vehicle. Various states have distinctive speed limits for such vehicles, as transports, trucks and other business methods for transportation and, when in doubt, most extreme speed limit for such vehicles is lower, than the one for regular vehicles. Additionally, a few states have distinctive day-time speed constraints and evening speed limitations.Average speed confines in the United States are the accompanying: 45â€70 mph on the roadways and turnpikes, interfacing the urban areas or towns, 55â€70 mph on non-Interstate turnpikes, and up to75 mph on interstate expressways (Wikipedia). In certain states speed cutoff points can surpa ss 75 mph, as in Texas or Kansas, where it is permitted to drive with the speed 80mph on some roads.Certainly, speed constrains marginally differ starting with one state then onto the next. For instance, in Arizona common greatest speed limit for expressways is 75 mph and in Tennessee it is all things considered 65 mph. It is fascinating additionally, that by and large the states on the West of the nation have speed higher cutoff points, than the ones in the East (Wikipedia).There is an exceptional guideline, associated with building up of speed limits, which is utilized in our nation since the center of XX century. It is known as the 85th Percentile Rule. The idea of this standard is the accompanying: ordinarily 85% of drivers don't surpass the edge of safeness in ordinary conditions. It implies that 85% of drivers as a rule drive with the speed, which is moderately ok for specific street or expressway. That is the reason most of ebb and flow speed restrictions are set by traffic e ngineers, as indicated by this finding.Speed limits are actually quite important, on the grounds that the drivers of the vehicles, which are moving with too fast, can not respond rapidly on the progressions of the circumstance out and about. Likewise, a quickly moving vehicle has impressively lower capacity to move and can not stop its development quick. In such cases, built up speed constraints help the drivers to hold their vehicles under perpetual control during their travel.Therefore, the primary elements of speed limits are hindering the traffic and diminishing the measure of mishaps, associated with speeding. Particularly, it tends to be said about the expressways, where a great deal of vehicles move for all time with generally fast. That is the reason the mishaps on expressways are outstandingly risky for people.Besides, speed restrictions are coordinated on fortifying of wellbeing of the drivers, too. Speeding is exceptionally risky for the vehicle itself. When speeding, the procedures in component of the vehicle get quickened and attach seriously. Some of the time driving rate is excessively exceptionally high and the instrument of the vehicle can not remain on such escalation and pressure. That is the reason in such circumstances motor can blow or other glitch of vehicle can happen.Certainly, speed constraints have other significant capacities. Much of the time, speed constraints are associated with some extraordinary circumstances on the streets, as roadwork or terrible natural conditions. In such cases, speed restrictions assume the job of updates about the most sensible speed levels on some piece of a thruway, and make our streets much safer.In different words, speed confinements stand out of the drivers to the most risky and basic pieces of the parkways. For instance, extreme speed restrictions can be successful in those pieces of the streets, where some remaking or street development happen. Or then again, some unique speed cutoff points can be set up for the streets, which are situated on hazardous regions: for instance, in the mountains, where the streets are spiral.In expansion, speed limits have one all the more entirely practicable explanation. They are essential for our general public as a compelling support instrument for the police. Just indicated speed cutoff points can fill in as reference focuses, which help to control the speeders on the streets. That is the reason set up speed cutoff points can help cops in giving and tying down conditions to safe going on the interstates, and furthermore in getting and battling with constant speeders. Speed limits are uncommon guidelines of traffic on the roads.Many adversaries of speed limits state that built up cutoff points can not compel all drivers to obey them. They point on huge measure of those drivers, who appreciate speeding in at any rate. This can be mostly obvious. Yet at the same time most of drivers focuses on speed restriction signs and attempts to fit into bu ilt up speed limits, on the grounds that these confinements serve for the wellbeing of the very drivers, too. In addition, any predetermined speed restriction is better, than undefined ones!Speed cutoff points are significant and powerful proportions of street wellbeing! They should exist, yet surely they must be practical, sensible and adaptable. Speed limits need to fluctuate, contingent upon the class, area and business of a road or a roadway. Such subtleties, similar to climate conditions, territory highlights, state of the street, and so forth., must be compulsory mulled over, when setting up speed limits.According to the measurements, about 32% of deadly mishaps are associated with speeding. (Blagojevich) That is the reason it is critical not exclusively to build up speed constraints, yet in addition to control perception of these cutoff points by the drivers, particularly on the roadways and expressways, where the current speed impediments are somewhat high and the circumstan ce consistently stays risky for security of our citizens.Bibliography: ·Ã‚        Blagojevich, Rod. Speed Limit Enforcement. Illinois State Police. 2004. 14 Dec. 2005 http://www.isp.state.il.us/traffic/speedlimitenf.cfm . ·Ã¢ â â â â â â â Speed Limit. Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia Online. 4 Dec. 2005 14 Dec. 2005 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_limit . ·Ã¢ â â â â â â â Speed Limits. Arizona Department of Transportation. ITD Highways Home Page.14 Dec. 2005 http://www.azdot.gov/Highways/Traffic/Speed.asp .

Sustainability and the Green Supply Chain Essay

Supportability and the Green Supply Chain - Essay Example This can be advocated concerning the way that contemporary associations expect to create green flexibly chain related methodology so as to continue in this serious scene and along these lines, safeguard their authority situating. The thought of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) is frequently recognized as the key trait in such estimates applied by contemporary associations, in a general sense portrayed as â€Å"the procedure of utilizing earth well disposed data sources and changing these contributions to yields that can be recovered and re-utilized toward the finish of their lifecycle in this way, making a supportable gracefully chain† (Cognizant, 2008). It merits referencing that a practical flexibly chain is ordinarily seen as a sole substance rather than an arrangement of divided constituents that incorporate different critical angles, for example, assembling, acquirement and dispersion among others (Rushton and et. al., 2010). It would thus be able to be obviously seen that the focal point of an economical GSCM is to help present day associations through expanded client esteem, gainfulness alongside generally speaking profitability and accomplishing better serious situating over their central business showcase members (Christopher, 2012; Wisner, 2011). The significant features of a reasonable GSCM incorporate protecting nature, esteem creation, cultivating advancement in each operational technique of the association, framing just as creating compelling interrelation with each authoritative part and limiting any kind of risks that are probably going to emerge while performing assorted operational capacities. Uniquely referencing, the advanced associations will in general organize shaping an economical GSCM, inferable from certain critical advantages that it conveys to them in this current globalization and mechanical period. These advantages are generally perceived as upgraded brand picture, diminished coordinations, fabricating or other related c osts, streamlined assembling systems, extension to new business advertises and created SCM process among others (Morana, 2013; Dai, 2011; Cognizant, 2008). With this worry, the article plans to portray the basic part of maintainability and green flexibly chain by thinking about a specific genuine association, which has a universal profile. In such manner, BP plc has been taken into worry as the association. The significant worries of maintainability alongside green gracefully anchor identifying with BP plc have likewise been depicted in this exposition. A Brief Background of BP plc BP plc, which was in the past recognized as British Petroleum, is as of now viewed as one of the premier worldwide oil and gas organizations all through the globe. The organization leads its operational capacities in various countries, utilizing a generous number of work force that remained at almost 85,900 during the year 2012 (BP plc, 2013). The organization basically manages different sorts of business capacities extending from conveying fuel to clients for transportation, vitality for light alongside warmth and oils for keeping assorted sorts of machines to petrochemical items that are utilized for getting ready every day things (BP plc, 2013). The strategic the organization is to turn into an overall chief in the individual business. The organization centers after keeping up specific qualities that are begat as one group, regard, wellbeing, greatness and regard so as to accomplish its foreordained business targets (BP plc, 2013). Evaluating its ongoing manageable systems, it has been perceived that BP is regularly viewed as one of the notable brands, which has been working since its initiation in the nineteenth century. One of the significant qualities of the organization can be obviously seen in wording that it

Genting Group Comprises Of Five Public Companies Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

The Genting Group comprises of five public companies that are involved in various industries. The main company of the group is Genting Berhad. Genting Berhad is an investment holding and management company (Genting Berhad 2012). It had made its investment in different industries such as hospitality, entertainment, plantation and many more through the other companies under Genting The Genting group was founded by the late Tan Sri (Dr.) Lim Goh Tong in 1965 as he began to develop the summit of Mount Kila to build his very own resort known as Genting Highlands Hotel. The hotel operated as both a hotel and a casino. Later in 1980, Genting Group via Genting Berhad, involved itself in palm oil production after purchasing The Rubber Trust Group which consist of three Hong Kong plantation companies. Today, under the name Genting Plantations Berhad, the Genting Group is one of the primary palm oil producers in Malaysia with 166,000 hectares of land in Malaysia and Indonesia. The Genting Group continued to venture into other industries such as electricity power generation and supply and the paper manufacturing businesses in 1994 through Genting International Paper Holding Limited and production of oil and gas in 1996 under Genting Oil and Gas Limited. The Genting Group also made its way to obtain international recognition. Currently they have a company in Hong Kong known as Genting Hong Kong Limited and in Singapore known as Genting Singapore P.L.C.. Genting Berhad is said to have a positive future prospective. This is because the Genting group has began their plans to further expand their business into the western nations. In recent news (Walker E. 2013), The Miami Herald has reported that the Genting Group has made its first footprint in the country, Bahamas, by having a joint venture with a local company, RAV Bahamas, to open a resort and a casino. Bahamas is planning to have Genting Group to further invest into the other island of the country. In addition, the financial statements of Genting Berhad are showing a positive outlook based on the financial ratios calculated. The result and the interpretation of the ratios will be further explained later in this report. 2.0 List of Board of Directors and independent auditor and their roles 2.1 Board of Directors Genting Group Board of Directors consist of mainly six members which includes two executive directors and four independent non-executive directors. In general, the board is responsibility for the proper conduct of the companys business. They are also required to have formal schedule of matters specifically reserved for its decision, including overall strategic direction, annual operating plan, capital expenditure plan, acquisitions and disposals, major capital projects and the monitoring of the Groups operating and financial performance. (Genting Group Annual Report 2011) The following table shows the list of Board of Directors and a brief description of their role. No. Name and Position Description of role 1. Tan Sri Lim Kok Thay (Chairman and Chief Executive) Ensure that the board is effective in its tasks of setting and implementing the companys direction and strategy Set the agenda, style and tone of Board discussions to promote constructive debate and effective decision-making. Develop and promote effective communication with shareholders and other relevant constituencies. 2. Tun Mohammed Hanif bin Omar (Deputy Chairman) Assist the Chairman in his task and help balance the chairmans dual role 3. a. Dato Dr. R. Thillainathan b. Dato Paduka Nik Hashim Bin Nik Yusoff d. Tan Sri Dr. Lin See Yan e. Mr Chin Kwai Yoong (Independent Non-Executive Director) Provide adequate view of the companys standing from an outsider perspective Give advice or guidance relating to board matters without biasness 2.2 Independent Auditors According to U.S Securities and Exchange Commission (2002), an auditor is a certified accountant who examines the financials statement of a company. This is to ensure that the information shown is truthful, accurate, complete and in accordance to the criteria set by the government. A large company like Genting Berhad has both internal and external (independent) auditors. Independent auditors are a group of auditors or accountants that do not have any kind of relationship with the company and are able to review the statements fairly. These auditors will first review and then write a report about the statements stating whether there is a problem with the statements or not. The Independent auditor that is working with Genting Berhad is PricewaterhouseCoopers (Pwc). Auditors of Pwc are responsible to audit the financial statements of Genting Berhad and make sure that it is in accordance with the requirements set by the Malaysian Accounting Standard Board (MASB). They also obtain necessary evidence about the amounts and disclosure in the statements (Annual Report 2011). Lastly Pwc will provide their opinion regarding the statement and stating whether the statements are done accurately. All these are done based on the judgments of the auditors. 3.0 Ratio Calculations and Analysis Accounting ratios are used to compare different parts of the financial statements. For example, current assets and current liabilities. This allows the readers to understand the financial standings of the company better as well as how the company doing compared to other companies of the same field. Companies also calculates their own ratios to see how well they are doing compared to the previous years. There are a four different types of ratio that can be calculated. To have a clearer understanding of Genting Berhads financial standings, this assignment will be comparing the ratios of year 2010 and 2011 (refer to appendix for the financial statements). 3.1 Liquidity Ratio The purpose of liquidity ratios is to measure the ability of the company to pay its liabilities (Wood F. 2012). There are two ways to calculate this ratio; current ratio and acid test ratio. 3.1.1 Current Ratio Current Ratio is used to compare the current assets of the company and its current liabilities. If the ratio falls under 1, it means that the company is unable to pay its liabilities if it is due at that time. Formula : Current Asset Current Liabilities Current Ratio of 2010 Current Ratio of 2011 19189.7 = 3.2482 5907.8 18498.3 = 2.5569 7234.8 ÂÂ   In both years, Genting berhad has the ability to repay its liabilities when it is due at that time. But the ratio decrease in 2011. This is due to the decrease in asset and increase in liabilities. However, it does not mean that it is bad have more liabilities. Genting Berhad could have taken more loans that increase its inflow of cash. It is not harmful as long as the ratio is more than 1. 3.1.2 Acid Test Ratio Similar to the current ratio, the only difference is that the acid test ratio does not take into account the inventory held by the company. Formula : Current Asset Inventory Current Liabilities Acid Test Ratio of 2010 Acid Test Ratio of 2011 19189.7-520.6 = 18669.1 = 3.1601 5907.8 5907.8 18498.3-539 = 17959.3 = 2.4823 7234.8 7234.8 ÂÂ   Just like the analysis for current ratio, the ratio had decrease in 2011 but still above 1. The reason inventories is not taken into account in this calculation is because it is not as liquid as the other assets. Inventories comes in many form such as raw material, work in progress and finished goods which is difficult to be valued unless it is sold. Genting Berhad need not to worry about when its liabilities is due as it can be settled at any given time. 3.2 Asset Management Ratio Asset management ratio is use to analyse how effectively is the company using its asset to generate revenue (Peavler R. 2013). There are a total of four ways to calculate this ratio but only two will be discussed. 3.2.1 Inventory Turnover This measures how quickly the company sells its goods and clears the inventories from its shelves. It also shows how well the company is in managing their inventories. The higher ratio indicates how quickly is the inventories sold (Lane M.A.). Formula : Cost of Goods Sold Average Inventory Inventory Turnover of 2010 Inventory Turnover of 2011 8537.7 = 8537.7 (520.6+387.1)/2 453.85 = 18.8117 11733.2 = 11733.2 (539+520.6)/2 529.8 = 22.1465 Inventory turnover is read as the number of times the inventory is sold and replaced during a certain period. For example, in 2010, the inventory turnover is 18.8117 times. The increase in the rate shows that there is a shorter time where inventory stayedsayeiz idle in 2011. It also means that Genting Berhad had done more sales and gain more revenue. 3.2.2 Asset Turnover Asset turnover shows how efficiently the company is using its asset to make sales. Formula : Net Sales Total Asset Asset Turnover of 2010 Asset Turnover of 2011 15194.7 = 0.3100 49014.1 19559 = 0.3599 54344.7 ÂÂ   Asset turnover is used to calculate the efficiency of using assets to generate revenue. Examples are the use of equipment, premises and others. Since the ratio in 2011 is higher than 2010, it can be said that Genting Berhad had better management of its asset during that year. However, the ratio of both years is considered to be low. It is possible that Genting Berhad is more dependent on the use of its capital (cash) rather than assets to generate revenue. 3.3 Financial Leverage Financial Leverage is also known as the debt management ratio. As its name implies, it evaluates how well the company is managing its debts. There are times where a company acquire debts to purchase assets instead of the using the businesss capital (stockholders equity). 3.3.1 Debt (liabilities) to Total Assets Debt to total asset ratio measure the amount of assets that are financed by debts taken by the company (Peavler R). Formula : Total Liabilities Total Assets Debt to Total Assets of 2010 Debt to Total Assets of 2011 19567.6 = 0.3992 49014.1 21177.8 = 0.3897 54344.7 ÂÂ   This ratio is used to calculate the proportion of Genting Berhads liabilities against its asset. The decrease in ratio shows that Genting Berhad is no longer depending on debts to purchase or finance its asset. Although some might argue that the decrease in ratio is due to the settlement of loans by Genting Berhad while the amount of its assets remains the same. However, as it is shown, both the asset and the liabilities had increase. It proves that the company is still acquiring assets but has taken up lesser loans or settled some of it. 3.3.2 Debt to Stockholders Equity This ratio is used to measure how much debt compare to capital is used to finance the assets in the company (Ycharts). The higher the ratio, the more debts the company has taken to finance its assets. Formula : Total Liabilities = Total Liabilities Stockholders equity Total Asset Total Liabilities Debt to Stockholders equity of 2010 Debt to Stockholders equity of 2011 19567.6 = 19567.6 (49014.1 19567.6) 29446.5 = 0.6645 21177.8 = 21177.8 (54344.7 21177.8) 33166.9 = 0.6385 The drop in the ratio shows that Genting Berhad is planning to use more of its capital to acquire assets rather than depending on debts. Though sometimes, having liabilities is a better option than using capital. Without liabilities, a company can run its business without worrying about the amount they need to settle the debts. But using too much capital will show a negative cash flow on the statements which will draw away investors. Having a balance debt management ratio is important. 3.4 Profitability Ratio Profitability ratio is used to measure the profit earnings by the company. It indicates the ability of the company to make earning relation to asset, sales and equity (Nelson S.L. 2011). It is the most important ratio as people from the public are mainly interested in the profits earned by the company. There are total four types of calculation but only two will be shown. 3.4.1 Gross Profit Rate The Gross profit rate shows how much is left after covering all the expenses such as administrative, sales and distribution. Basically it shows how much a company makes taking into consideration the costs that it used for manufacturing its products or services (ReadyRatios) Formula : Gross Profit Net Sale Gross Profit Ratio of 2010 Gross Profit Ratio of 2011 6657 = 0.4381 15194.7 7825.8 = 0.4001 19559 ÂÂ   The gross profit ratio had decrease in 2011. This indicates the amount of sales used to cover the expenses. In this case, in year 2011, Genting Berhad uses about 40% of their sales available to cover the production costs. The decrease in value could also mean that Genting Berhad is spending more in their production costs. 3.4.2 Return on Sales Return on sales, also known as operating profit margin. It shows how much the company makes after paying for variable costs such as wages and raw materials excluding taxes. Variable costs are expenses that changes in proportion to the activities of the business (ReadyRatios). Formula : Net Income Before Taxes Net Sale Return on Sales 2010 Return on Sales 2011 4394.3 = 0.2892 15194.7 6673.3 = 0.3412 19559 ÂÂ   The return on sales ratio reflects Genting Berhads pricing strategy and its capability in controlling their costs. It shows how much profit is earned per RM of sales. The increase in 2011 indicates that Genting Berhad is becoming more efficient as the company is getting better at handling their variable costs. 4.0 Five other measurements Rather than using the ratio analysis, there are other ways to measure a companys financial standings and performances. One of them is Free Cash Flow (FCF). Free cash flow can be defined as the cash available after subtracting the amount the company had used for its business (N.A 2010). Unlike profits, the FCF is the actual amount that the company has in hand or at the bank. FCF is used to make investments, expanding the business and paying the shareholders. Besides that, there is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). It is used to measure the expected return rate from buying the companys shares (McCraken M. n.d). This calculation is done by the investors. When performing investments, investors are expected to take certain amount of risks. They would want to evaluate the value of the risk and how much should be expected to be return to them for taking such a risk. The higher the risk, the higher the expected return value. If the investors feel that the company could not provide the expected return rate, they might choose to invest in something else. The third is Market Value Added (MVA). MVA can be defined as the difference between the market value of the firms stock and the capital invested by shareholders (Jermanis D. 2006). This can be seen as the amount the shareholders earn or get back if they were to sell their shares. The MVA shows how well the company is managing its scarce resources. The more efficient they are, the more MVA they have. It can only be used for publicly listed share prices as it is not easy to determine the value otherwise. The fourth is Economic Value Added (EVA). Unlike MVA, EVA is used to measure a companys performance during a certain period of time. It is usually used by internal management. EVA can be calculated by subtracting capital invested times weighted average cost of capital from net operating profit after tax (EVA = Net Operating Profit After Tax (Capital Invested x WACC)). The calculations for EVA will tell if the profit earned in a project is enough to cover the capital invested in it. A negative EVA number shows loss (Investing Answers n.d.). A companys performance can also be evaluated through customers perspective. If the company is doing well and treating their customers right, their customers will recommend the company to others. High profits only show the sales the company made. It does not mean that it has good customer retention plan. Without a good retention plan, the company will eventually lose all its customers to other companies. The company must also be able to deliver the promised level of satisfaction and handle the customers complaint efficiently. 5.0 Recommendation I would buy and recommend Genting Berhads shares. The overall ratio analysis shows a positive outlook of the company. By comparing the two most recent financial statements which is 2010 and 2011, it can be seen that the company is improving through its assets acquisition and sales. The most important thing is the profitability ratio. It shows that the company is getting better at managing its cost which will lead to an increase of profit margin for the company. If the company is expanding and developing consistently, we as shareholders will be able to get more dividends in return. Moreover, there are news that Genting Berhad is expanding to other nations such as Bahamas which will provide the company with an international recognition. This will increase the market value of its shares and stocks. 6.0 Appendix 7.0 Reference

Rhetorical Analysis of Malcolm X - Free Essay Example

Over the course of the history segregation between races has been a major problem, so much so that some races were treated so lowly that they were slaves to the others. As time went on there were laws and acts passed that that limited and even stopped slavery throughout the United States. African Americans were a large population that made up the slave labor class and to this day are still treated by some people as lower than a White man. Although racism is still alive the African American were given rights equal to the White mans rights. The Civil rights movement made it possible for an African American to sit where they want on buses, in restaurants, and in schools. It allowed them to get jobs of equal status to whites, drink out of the same drinking fountain, and talk to a white without being scolded for doing so. Many people were involved and made the Civil Rights movement possible but there were some that made more of an impact in the sense of protests, speeches, and peaceful approaches. Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. were two very influential men in the fight that got African Americans the rights they deserved but because of Martin Luthers peaceable approach to racial separation and inequality between Whites and African Americans he made more of an impact on the Civil Rights Movement when compared to the violent approach of Malcolm X. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15th, 1929 in Atlanta Georgia to Martin Luther King Sr. and Alberta Williams King. He grew up in a faith-based household. He was raised in the Baptist Church and his father along with his grandfather were Baptists ministers. He thrived in school and graduated from a segregated high school at the age of 15. then went on to Crosier Seminary where he studies theology for three years. During his schooling, he met his wife Coretta Scott with who he had 4 children. He decided he wanted to be a minister, so he went to the seminary and graduated at top of his class in 1951. He went on to become the twentieth pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. He led Malcolm X originally known as Malcolm Little was a revolutionary, a man with an Idea that anything that the African Americans wanted and that was refused by the government was to be fought for by any means necessary. Malcolm X was born in Omaha, Nebraska on May 19th, 1925 to Earl and Louise Little. Grew up with a complicated home life and his family was constantly targeted by white supremacist groups. His father was a member of a black supremacist group making him a greater target other than being an African American. One night his home was mysteriously burned down and his father was killed, at this time Malcolm was only six. When Malcolm was thirteen his mother was admitted into a mental hospital due to a mental breakdown caused by his father died. Malcolm was then put into foster care and slight up with his sisters and brothers losing all communication with them. He was admitted into a school where he started to thrive but one of his teachers to him that an African American could never be a lawyer which was his dream. He then gave up on his dream and dropped out of school. At the age of twenty, he entered a life of crime and got arrested for stealing and was sentenced to 10 years. While in prison he realized his faith and converted to the Nation of Islam. Once he was from prison he studied the religion and in December of 1953 Malcolm became an Islamic Minister. He was a minister at three different temples in Boston, Philadelphia, and New York. In 1958 he married Betty Shabazz who he had six children with. Malcolm continued his life taking interest in the civil rights movement and racism. He believed that the government would not help them, so they would have to help themselves. He went on to lead many Muslims and Africans in protests for equality between African Americans and Whites. He was one of the main leaders in the civil rights movement until February 21, 1965. Malcolm was scheduled to give a speech at the Audubon Ballroom when he was assassinated by a member of the Nation of Islam, Thomas Hagan.

Case Study 1 Motivation - 994 Words

1- In the first paragraph: â€Å"†¦were substituted by new â€Å"fresh * enthusiastic†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  Job Engagement Motivation Theory –Because these new managers are fresh and enthusiastic they have a higher probability of being engaged with their jobs, and therefore more motivated In the middle of the second paragraph: â€Å"Felt angry and unfair†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Equity Theory- Discussed in question no. 2 In the second paragraph: â€Å"Mr. Armaghani gave them an offer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Reinforcement Theory- The stimuli–employees sadness- is followed immediately by a reward –incentive- which motivates the employees to repeat the behavior. In the second paragraph: â€Å"It was an output bonus†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Equity Theory- Mr. Armaghani tried to balance their output to input ratio by giving the two unhappy†¦show more content†¦If the problem is in the reward-personal goal relationship the manager should try to understand what reward is aligned with the person’s personal goal, and try to provide such a reward for him. 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